Phantom complex in dogs

This is a great study highlighting the importance of pre- and post-operative pain control, reduced stress in the post-operative period as well as possibly not delaying amputation if that is the necessary course of action.

Because our patients are non-verbal, diagnosis chronic pain can be difficult. Neuropathic pain can be very difficult to treat and it is best to prevent pain pathological pain developing.

Pain will also affect behaviours seen and can affect relationships between animals and their owner as well as the relationships between pets within the home.

http://www.journalvetbehavior.com/article/S1558-7878(17)30090-4/abstract